The Role of Midwives in Maternal Mental Health in the First 1000 Years of Life
Peran Bidan Terhadap Kesehatan Mental Ibu di 1000 Pertama Kehidupan
Abstract
1000 hari pertama kehidupan merupakan periode transisi sejak konsepsi hingga dua tahun setelah melahirkan, masa dimana seorang wanita mengalami perubahan peran dan tanggung jawab. Periode tersebut menjadi waktu yang rentan bagi wanita untuk mengalami masalah kesehatan mental seperti stres dan kecemasan yang juga meningkatkan risiko terjadinya depresi. Mengkaji intervensi nonfarmakologi yang dapat mencegah atau mengurangi masalah kesehatan jiwa ibu pada 1000 hari pertama, khususnya yang dapat diberikan oleh bidan. Desain: Tinjauan literatur tentang tinjauan sistematis. Sumber data: PubMed, Science Direct, Epistemonikos, dan pencarian situs web. Metode: pencarian literature menggunakan advance search dengan Boolean operator, pemotongan, dan istilah MeSH. Kriterianya antara lain artikel terbit tahun 2021, menggunakan bahasa Indonesia dan Inggris, akses terbuka, mendeskripsikan masalah kesehatan jiwa (stres, kecemasan, depresi) dalam 1000 hari pertama, dan memberikan informasi tentang intervensi nonfarmakologi yang dapat diberikan oleh bidan. Alur pencarian literatur menggunakan diagram PRISMA dan dinilai dengan checklist Critical Appraisal Skills Program. Temuan: 235 artikel diperoleh dan empat studi dimasukkan dalam ulasan ini yang membahas kesehatan mental ibu dengan periode dan variasi intervensi yang berbeda. Menginformasikan sumber masalah kesehatan jiwa ibu, dampak bagi ibu dan anak, dampak intervensi, dan peran bidan. Kesimpulan: semua intervensi memiliki efek yang berbeda pada setiap periode 1000 hari pertama, namun tetap bermanfaat bagi ibu. Terapi Perilaku Kognitif memiliki efek dominan untuk mencegah atau mengurangi masalah kesehatan mental ibu. Bidan dapat memberikan intervensi dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilannya, serta membutuhkan dukungan dari organisasi profesi. Intervensi ini perlu diintegrasikan ke dalam perawatan ibu rutin untuk memberikan hasil yang optimal.
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