Maternal Healthcare Coverage Gaps and Provincial Disparities in Indonesia: A 2025 Descriptive Analysis

Nur Masruroh; Fritria Dwi Anggraini; Nur Zuwariah

doi:10.21070/midwiferia.v12i2.1922

Authors

Nur Masruroh Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Fritria Dwi Anggraini Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Nur Zuwariah Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21070/midwiferia.v12i2.1922

Keywords:

maternal health services, prenatal care, obstetric, postnatal care, anemia

Abstract

Introduction: Maternal healthcare coverage differs across Indonesian provinces, and national reporting of service indicators against targets is fragmented. This study aimed to describe national coverage of antenatal, childbirth, and postpartum indicators in 2025, the gaps to national targets, and the highest and lowest reported provincial values.

Methods: We conducted a secondary descriptive analysis of aggregate administrative data from the Indonesia Health Profile 2025. The units of analysis were national and provincial aggregate records, not individual women. Gaps were calculated as coverage minus target in percentage points, without inferential tests. Anemia prevalence from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey was presented separately as context.

Results: Coverage of facility-based childbirth was 81.79% (target 88%; gap −6.21 percentage points), and nine of 38 provinces met the six-visit antenatal care target. Coverage was 72.22% for tetanus-diphtheria immunization (Td2+), 73.06% for iron supplementation (≥180 tablets), and 74.33% for complete postnatal visits; no targets were available for these indicators. Reported facility-based childbirth ranged from 5.74% in Papua Pegunungan to 121.17% in DKI Jakarta; values above 100% are administrative coverage anomalies. Survey-based anemia prevalence in 2023, a different source and year, was 27.7%.

Conclusion: Facility-based childbirth remained below its national target, and reported provincial coverage varied substantially. Denominators and indicator definitions should be verified, and regional service gaps investigated, before provincial values are used to evaluate performance.

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